NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale presents Christo and Jeanne-Claude Surrounded Islands Documentation Exhibition

Premiere Exhibition of New Acquisition: February 23, 2025   NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale is thrilled to announce that it is now “Home to Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s Surrounded Islands.” The museum will premiere its first exhibition of this transformative gift from the Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation in February 2025, which includes over 43 preparatory drawings and collages created by Christo, as well as photographs and photo murals, engineering surveys, environmental studies, permits, correspondence, original components such as sections of the pink fabric, scale models and other archival documents that trace the history of this project.   “The Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation is delighted to designate the NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale, part of Nova Southeastern University, as the permanent home for the Surrounded Islands documentation exhibition,” said Karin J. Barkhorn, President of Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation. “The museum's dedication to exploring topics that deeply connect with the South Florida community and its commitment to fostering meaningful discussions through scholarly research align with the ethos of Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s art. We are particularly excited that the museum will permanently display key sections of this historic exhibition, ensuring that the legacy of Surrounded Islands continues to inspire awe for generations to come.”  Following the passing of the artist duo, Christo V. Javacheff (b. 1935, Gabrovo, Bulgaria; d. 2020 New York, NY) and Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon (b.1935, Casablanca, Morocco; d. 2009, New York, NY), NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale was chosen as guardian of the archive for the definitive landmark installation, Surrounded Islands: Biscayne Bay, Greater Miami, Florida, 1980-83.  Surrounded Islands put Miami on “The Map” in May 1983, not just the art map. Likewise, with this monumental gift NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale will be known world-wide as “The Home of Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s Surrounded Islands.” This gift places NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale in a league with the Smithsonian American Art Museum which acquired Running Fence, Sonoma and Marin Counties, California, 1972-76, The Documentation Exhibition in 2008, as well as the Centre Pompidou in Paris which owns the documentation exhibition of The Pont Neuf Wrapped, Paris, 1975-85 and the Reichstag Building, Berlin, which houses the Wrapped Reichstag, Berlin, 1995 Documentation Exhibition on permanent display.  “A gift of the magnitude of the Surrounded Islands documentary exhibition to NSU Art Museum is incredibly significant. It marks much more than a gift; it’s an investment in the culture of our community and the future of the Museum,” said Bonnie Clearwater, Director & Chief Curator of NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale. “Surrounded Islands has undoubtedly left an indelible impact on South Florida and the art world by redefining the interaction between art, environment and public space. This contribution further solidifies Fort Lauderdale’s unique cultural offerings and provides an opportunity for visitors to experience the work of Christo and Jeanne-Claude for years to come.”   “This gift, allowing us to bring the Surrounded Islands Documentation Exhibition to NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale, will grant NSU students, faculty, and staff, as well as the public a unique opportunity to be part of the creative process that led to this innovative and culturally significant work,” said Dr. George L. Hanbury II, President and CEO of Nova Southeastern University. “Exhibits like this one attract more people of all ages to come in and experience the power of imagination, creativity, and dedication that comes through engaging with works like these. That’s how the NSU Art Museum not only helps to foster a lifelong passion for the arts, but also allows us all to come away with a bit of that artistic passion in ourselves, to enrich whatever else we may choose to do in our own lives.”  “A gift of this caliber brings Fort Lauderdale’s cultural landscape to the next level, further positioning the city as a premier arts destination,” said Dean J. Trantalis, Fort Lauderdale Mayor. “As ‘Home of      Surrounded Islands’ our very own NSU Art Museum in Downtown Fort Lauderdale, will be a draw for art enthusiasts, visitors and our local community to experience our city’s vibrant cultural offerings.” Despite the ephemeral nature of Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s projects, they considered each of these events as permanent artworks in the minds of viewers, since “an experience can never be taken away.” The artists piqued the curiosity of the broader community as well as the international art world with the extensive effort it took to realize their works. Documents, including correspondence, permits and environmental studies are preserved as part of the documentation exhibitions curated by the artists themselves.   Christo and Jeanne-Claude are historically recognized for their environmental artworks that questioned the very nature of art. Born on the same day, the pair met in Paris in 1958. They quickly established a lifelong creative and romantic partnership, making their first collaborative artwork together in 1961. Titled Stacked Oil Barrels and Dockside Packages, consisting of several stacks of large rolls of industrial paper covered with tarpaulins and secured with ropes, and a large number of oil drums horizontally stacked on the quay of Cologne Harbor. In making this simple shift within a mundane landscape, the artists both masked and revealed aspects of the environment that people typically become inured to and look past. Through these elementary acts, Christo and Jeanne-Claude gave the public the ability to see the shapes and scales that comprise their everyday views through new eyes.  “Fort Lauderdale's dedication to arts and culture is a cornerstone of our community's identity. NSU Art Museum receiving the gift of Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s Surrounded Islands as a part of its permanent collection will reinforce that dedication and elevate our city's standing as a cultural art hub,” said Michelle Howland Sussman, Chair, Board of Governors, NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale. Surrounded Islands was realized in May 1983, with 6.5 million square feet of floating woven polypropylene fabric to create striking pink margins around 11 islands along the length of Biscayne Bay. The installation remained in place for two weeks, though its realization took over three years and cost more than $3 million. The project was paid entirely by the artists through the sale of original works by Christo such as those included in this donation. The idea for the work originally started in 1980, when the artists were invited to create an artwork for the 1982 New World Festival of the Arts. Over the next three years they made proposals and obtained permits from agencies including: the Governor of Florida and the Cabinet; the Dade County Commission; the Department of Environmental Regulation; the City of Miami Commission; the City of North Miami; the Village of Miami Shores; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; the Dade County Department of Environmental Resources management, and they gained the cooperation of the many environmental activists and residents, working to ensure the protection of the marine wildlife that inhabited the islands’ shores. “The Surrounded Islands project – certainly one of the most visually stunning projects that Christo and Jeanne-Claude ever did, continues to grow in the imaginations of art lovers worldwide. In addition, it also completely transformed Miami Beach into the glittering art scene that it is today. It seemed only natural that the documentary exhibition which the artists curated as the permanent archive of this project should go to NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale, an easy drive just north of the site where Christo and Jeanne-Claude installed the Surrounded Islands for those two extraordinary weeks in May of 1983. Recognized for its ambitious programs that focus on its unique collections, NSU Art Museum is a fitting home for this landmark project,” said Jonathan Fineberg, author of the career survey book: Christo and Jeanne-Claude: On the Way to the Gates, 20th Anniversary edition (which will be published in February 2025) and board member of The Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation. While Surrounded Islands was installed for only two weeks, it left an indelible imprint on the history of South Florida. By donating the entire Surrounded Islands documentation exhibition to NSU Art Museum, the museum, the university, and Greater Fort Lauderdale will be elevated to a new level of worldwide significance, becoming a place of pilgrimage for the innumerable individuals who have been, and have yet to be, profoundly moved by this artwork. All materials used in Surrounded Islands were industrially recycled, aside from the documentation materials retained for the collection.

NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale Receives Monumental Gift of Christo and Jeanne-Claude Surrounded Islands Documentation Exhibition

Premiere Exhibition of New Acquisition: February 23, 2025   NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale is thrilled to announce that it is now “Home to Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s Surrounded Islands.” The museum will premiere its first exhibition of this transformative gift from the Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation in February 2025, which includes over 43 preparatory drawings and collages created by Christo, as well as photographs and photo murals, engineering surveys, environmental studies, permits, correspondence, original components such as sections of the pink fabric, scale models and other archival documents that trace the history of this project.   “The Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation is delighted to designate the NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale, part of Nova Southeastern University, as the permanent home for the Surrounded Islands documentation exhibition,” said Karin J. Barkhorn, President of Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation. “The museum's dedication to exploring topics that deeply connect with the South Florida community and its commitment to fostering meaningful discussions through scholarly research align with the ethos of Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s art. We are particularly excited that the museum will permanently display key sections of this historic exhibition, ensuring that the legacy of Surrounded Islands continues to inspire awe for generations to come.”  Following the passing of the artist duo, Christo V. Javacheff (b. 1935, Gabrovo, Bulgaria; d. 2020 New York, NY) and Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon (b.1935, Casablanca, Morocco; d. 2009, New York, NY), NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale was chosen as guardian of the archive for the definitive landmark installation, Surrounded Islands: Biscayne Bay, Greater Miami, Florida, 1980-83.  Surrounded Islands put Miami on “The Map” in May 1983, not just the art map. Likewise, with this monumental gift NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale will be known world-wide as “The Home of Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s Surrounded Islands.” This gift places NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale in a league with the Smithsonian American Art Museum which acquired Running Fence, Sonoma and Marin Counties, California, 1972-76, The Documentation Exhibition in 2008, as well as the Centre Pompidou in Paris which owns the documentation exhibition of The Pont Neuf Wrapped, Paris, 1975-85 and the Reichstag Building, Berlin, which houses the Wrapped Reichstag, Berlin, 1995 Documentation Exhibition on permanent display.  “A gift of the magnitude of the Surrounded Islands documentary exhibition to NSU Art Museum is incredibly significant. It marks much more than a gift; it’s an investment in the culture of our community and the future of the Museum,” said Bonnie Clearwater, Director & Chief Curator of NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale. “Surrounded Islands has undoubtedly left an indelible impact on South Florida and the art world by redefining the interaction between art, environment and public space. This contribution further solidifies Fort Lauderdale’s unique cultural offerings and provides an opportunity for visitors to experience the work of Christo and Jeanne-Claude for years to come.”   “This gift, allowing us to bring the Surrounded Islands Documentation Exhibition to NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale, will grant NSU students, faculty, and staff, as well as the public a unique opportunity to be part of the creative process that led to this innovative and culturally significant work,” said Dr. George L. Hanbury II, President and CEO of Nova Southeastern University. “Exhibits like this one attract more people of all ages to come in and experience the power of imagination, creativity, and dedication that comes through engaging with works like these. That’s how the NSU Art Museum not only helps to foster a lifelong passion for the arts, but also allows us all to come away with a bit of that artistic passion in ourselves, to enrich whatever else we may choose to do in our own lives.”  “A gift of this caliber brings Fort Lauderdale’s cultural landscape to the next level, further positioning the city as a premier arts destination,” said Dean J. Trantalis, Fort Lauderdale Mayor. “As ‘Home of      Surrounded Islands’ our very own NSU Art Museum in Downtown Fort Lauderdale, will be a draw for art enthusiasts, visitors and our local community to experience our city’s vibrant cultural offerings.” Despite the ephemeral nature of Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s projects, they considered each of these events as permanent artworks in the minds of viewers, since “an experience can never be taken away.” The artists piqued the curiosity of the broader community as well as the international art world with the extensive effort it took to realize their works. Documents, including correspondence, permits and environmental studies are preserved as part of the documentation exhibitions curated by the artists themselves.   Christo and Jeanne-Claude are historically recognized for their environmental artworks that questioned the very nature of art. Born on the same day, the pair met in Paris in 1958. They quickly established a lifelong creative and romantic partnership, making their first collaborative artwork together in 1961. Titled Stacked Oil Barrels and Dockside Packages, consisting of several stacks of large rolls of industrial paper covered with tarpaulins and secured with ropes, and a large number of oil drums horizontally stacked on the quay of Cologne Harbor. In making this simple shift within a mundane landscape, the artists both masked and revealed aspects of the environment that people typically become inured to and look past. Through these elementary acts, Christo and Jeanne-Claude gave the public the ability to see the shapes and scales that comprise their everyday views through new eyes.  “Fort Lauderdale's dedication to arts and culture is a cornerstone of our community's identity. NSU Art Museum receiving the gift of Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s Surrounded Islands as a part of its permanent collection will reinforce that dedication and elevate our city's standing as a cultural art hub,” said Michelle Howland Sussman, Chair, Board of Governors, NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale. Surrounded Islands was realized in May 1983, with 6.5 million square feet of floating woven polypropylene fabric to create striking pink margins around 11 islands along the length of Biscayne Bay. The installation remained in place for two weeks, though its realization took over three years and cost more than $3 million. The project was paid entirely by the artists through the sale of original works by Christo such as those included in this donation. The idea for the work originally started in 1980, when the artists were invited to create an artwork for the 1982 New World Festival of the Arts. Over the next three years they made proposals and obtained permits from agencies including: the Governor of Florida and the Cabinet; the Dade County Commission; the Department of Environmental Regulation; the City of Miami Commission; the City of North Miami; the Village of Miami Shores; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; the Dade County Department of Environmental Resources management, and they gained the cooperation of the many environmental activists and residents, working to ensure the protection of the marine wildlife that inhabited the islands’ shores. “The Surrounded Islands project – certainly one of the most visually stunning projects that Christo and Jeanne-Claude ever did, continues to grow in the imaginations of art lovers worldwide. In addition, it also completely transformed Miami Beach into the glittering art scene that it is today. It seemed only natural that the documentary exhibition which the artists curated as the permanent archive of this project should go to NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale, an easy drive just north of the site where Christo and Jeanne-Claude installed the Surrounded Islands for those two extraordinary weeks in May of 1983. Recognized for its ambitious programs that focus on its unique collections, NSU Art Museum is a fitting home for this landmark project,” said Jonathan Fineberg, author of the career survey book: Christo and Jeanne-Claude: On the Way to the Gates, 20th Anniversary edition (which will be published in February 2025) and board member of The Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation. While Surrounded Islands was installed for only two weeks, it left an indelible imprint on the history of South Florida. By donating the entire Surrounded Islands documentation exhibition to NSU Art Museum, the museum, the university, and Greater Fort Lauderdale will be elevated to a new level of worldwide significance, becoming a place of pilgrimage for the innumerable individuals who have been, and have yet to be, profoundly moved by this artwork. All materials used in Surrounded Islands were industrially recycled, aside from the documentation materials retained for the collection.

Christo Drawings: A Gift from the Maria Bechily and Scott Hodes Collection at the Pérez Art Museum Miami (PAMM) on view through June 11, 2023

Christo. Surrounded Islands, Project for Biscayne Bay, Greater Miami, Florida, 1983. Drawing in two parts. 15 x 96 inches and 42 x 96 inches. Pencil, charcoal, pastel, wax crayon, enamel paint, fabric sample and photostatic map
Collection Pérez Art Museum Miami, gift from the collection of Scott Hodes and Maria Bechily. Photo: Eeva-Inkeri. © Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation.



Christo. The Wall, Project for 13,000 Oil Barrels Wall, Gasometer, Oberhausen, 1999. Collage. 11 x 14 inches. Pencil, enamel paint, photograph by Wolfgang Volz, wax crayon, technical data and tape, on brown cardboard
Collection Pérez Art Museum Miami, gift from the collection of Scott Hodes and Maria Bechily. Photo: Wolfgang Volz. © Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation.



Christo. The Umbrellas, Joint Projects for Japan and USA, 1989. Collage in two parts. 30 ½ x 26 ¼ inches and 30 ½ x 12 inches. Pencil, pastel, enamel paint, fabric, wax crayon, charcoal and map. Collection Pérez Art Museum Miami, gift from the collection of Scott Hodes and Maria Bechily. Photo: Wolfgang Volz. © Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation
Collection Pérez Art Museum Miami, gift from the collection of Scott Hodes and Maria Bechily. Photo: Wolfgang Volz. © Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation.



Christo. The Umbrellas, Joint Projects for Japan and USA, 1989. Collage in two parts. 30 ½ x 26 ¼ inches and 30 ½ x 12 inches. Pencil, pastel, enamel paint, photograph by Wolfgang Volz, fabric, crayon, charcoal and map
Collection Pérez Art Museum Miami, gift from the collection of Scott Hodes and Maria Bechily. Photo: Wolfgang Volz. © Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation.



Christo. The Floating Piers (Project for Lake Iseo, Italy), 2014. Graphite, charcoal, wax crayon, pastel, enamel paint, fabric sample, topographic map, and adhesive tape. Two parts: 15 x 96 inches (top); 42 x 96 inches (bottom)
Collection Pérez Art Museum Miami, promised gift of Scott Hodes and Maria C. Bechily. © Christo and Jeanne-Claude Foundation.



Christo (born Christo Vladmirov Javacheff) and his wife and artistic collaborator Jeanne-Claude made an inestimable impact on the history of art since the mid-20th century. Together, they created large-scale, ephemeral, public art projects, involving dramatic interventions in carefully selected outdoor locations. With a career that spans nearly six decades, their work has helped to expand the definition of art beyond paintings and sculptures, envisioning instead a radically democratic art form capable of speaking directly to broad audiences across a full spectrum of society in public space.

This exhibition presents stellar works gifted to PAMM by Christo’s longtime friends Maria Bechily and Scott Hodes. These are fine examples of Christo’s drawing practice, which constitutes a pivotal aspect of his production. Christo and Jeanne-Claude declined all financial support from governments, institutions, single patrons, and foundations, choosing to fund their massive projects through the direct sales of drawings such as these. These works memorialize the projects and represent an alternative to the traditional funding structures for art. Collectively, the drawings exemplify an expansive overview of Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s oeuvre, comprising their major projects spanning from the late 1960s to the early 2000s.


Organization and Support

Christo Drawings: A Gift from the Maria Bechily and Scott Hodes Collection is organized by former PAMM Curator María Elena Ortiz.

In Loving Memory: A Tribute to Christo, Known for his Massive Public Arts Projects

Christo, the conceptual artist known for his massive and enduring public art installations around the world, died Sunday of natural causes in New York City. He was 84.

Photo by WorldRedEye.com at PAMM

Christo and his wife and artistic partner, Jeanne-Claude, used both natural and manmade monuments as their canvas, wrapping existing structures in fabric to give them new life on a massive scale. Christo and Jeanne-Claude wrapped up famous monuments such as Paris’s Pont Neuf in 1985, the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago in 1988, and Berlin’s Reichstag building in 1995. In South Florida, we especially remember Christo and Jeanne-Claude's 'Surrounded Islands' in 1983.

Pérez Art Museum Miami: Surrounded Islands, Biscayne Bay, Greater Miami, Florida, 1980-83
A Documentary Exhibition
October 4, 2018—February 17, 2019
Image: PAMM Book Signing and Art Talk by Christo 

On May 7, 1983, the installation of Surrounded Islands was completed in Biscayne Bay, between the city of Miami, North Miami, the Village of Miami Shores and Miami Beach by Christo and Jeanne-Claude. Eleven of the islands situated in the area of Bakers Haulover Cut, Broad Causeway, 79th Street Causeway, Julia Tuttle Causeway, and Venetian Causeway were surrounded with 6.5 million square feet (603,870 square meters) of floating pink woven polypropylene fabric covering the surface of the water and extending out 200 feet (61 meters) from each island into the bay. The fabric was sewn into 79 patterns to follow the contours of the 11 islands.

For two weeks, Surrounded Islands, spreading over 7 miles (11.3 kilometers), was seen, approached and enjoyed by the public, from the causeways, the land, the water and the air. The luminous pink color of the shiny fabric was in harmony with the tropical vegetation of the uninhabited verdant islands, the light of the Miami sky and the colors of the shallow waters of Biscayne Bay.

Since April 1981, attorneys Joseph Z. Fleming, Joseph W. Landers, marine biologist Anitra Thorhaug, ornithologists Oscar Owre and Meri Cummings, mammal expert Daniel Odell, marine engineer John Michel, four consulting engineers, and builder-contractor, Ted Dougherty of A and H Builders, Inc. had been working on the preparation of the Surrounded Islands. The marine and land crews picked up debris from the eleven islands, putting refuse in bags and carting it away after they had removed some forty tons of varied garbage that included refrigerator doors, tires, kitchen sinks, mattresses and an abandoned boat.

Permits were obtained from the following governmental agencies: The Governor of Florida and the Cabinet; the Dade County Commission; the Department of Environmental Regulation; the City of Miami Commission; the City of North Miami; the Village of Miami Shores; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; the Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management.

The outer edge of the floating fabric was attached to a 12 inch (30.5 centimeter) diameter octagonal boom, in sections, of the same color as the fabric. The boom was connected to the radial anchor lines which extended from the anchors at the island to the 610 specially made anchors, spaced at 50 foot (15.2 meter) intervals, 250 feet (76.2 meters) beyond the perimeter of each island, driven into the limestone at the bottom of the bay. Earth anchors were driven into the land, near the foot of the trees, to secure the inland edge of the fabric, covering the surface of the beach and disappearing under the vegetation. The floating rafts of fabric and booms, varying from 12 to 22 feet (3.7 to 6.7 meters) in width and from 400 to 600 feet (122 to 183 meters) in length were towed through the bay to each island. There were eleven islands, but on two occasions, two islands were surrounded together as one configuration.